Movie review The Gods Must Be Crazy

Film survey The Gods Must Be Crazy Presentation Interpersonal correspondence has a few significance as indicated by its application going from character attributes, interactional apparatuses, and the brain direction. Until this point in time, there has never been an all around acknowledged definition what it is subsequently trying for one to characterize his/her meaning.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Movie survey: The Gods Must Be Crazy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, through the existence procedure one procures a special assortment of encounters and thoughts characterizing who or what they are, and as I would like to think, this is an appropriate meaning of social inception and practice. Relational correspondence patterns involve those examples that upset and changes after some time, which can be inside days, months or years. Hence, this systematic treatise endeavors to unequivocally build up the impacts of relational correspondence designs, discernments, verbal cod es, nonverbal codes, social scenes, and jobs on close to home correspondence in the film The Gods Must Be Crazy by Jamie Uys in 1980. Relational correspondence frames In the movie The Gods Must Be Crazy, the chief presents an intriguing social communication between the local San clan living in the Kalahari Desert and the western culture. The plot of the film centers around the San family members headed by Xi who are oblivious of current life outside the Kalahari Desert. Along the story, there is a blooming love between a researcher and an educator, poachers, and nature reflection. The San clan has all that they need and the divine beings are reasonable for them until the Coca-Cola bottle compromises this solidarity (Uys, scene 18, 1980). The excursion to restore the Coca-Cola contain closes with a long quest for two children who boarded a water track having a place with poachers. Xi shows his basic instincts to the modernized gatherings and the film closes with a cheerful get-togeth er among father and his two children. The social examples in the San clan legitimately influence their correspondence. Being a moderately crude society, they appear to revere the sky and accept that the fly paths in the sky are streets made by the divine beings who were benevolent to drop for them a Coca-Cola bottle. Being a male centric chain of command, the male is the leader of the family bunch and settles on the critical choices. For example, Xi needed to settle on a ultimate choice to restore the jug since it was bringing a ‘curse’ to his family (Uys, scene 12, 1980).Advertising Looking for article on craftsmanship and structure? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Being a public living society, the youngsters are relied upon to play together and need to bow their heads when addressing the grown-ups. Truth be told, the correspondence of visual data and thoughts throughout the previous four centuries has been the capacity that has empowered science to progress, has it has helped individuals to perceive how things work. The individuals from this culture have various sounds for various events. For example, chasing which is a safeguard for the guys is sorted out and executed in a one of a kind correspondence signs. At whatever point the chasing is effective, the youthful grown-up kids would be the first to make it into the town and the grown-ups would share the catch to all the family units. The male grown-ups have their extraordinary councils where they spit on the ground as an endorsement sign or murmur to dismiss a feeling. Hence, Visual authentic significance of the correspondence passes on the connection between the gatherings and the portrayed organizing. The making of a visual illustrative significance proposed the space-based model for examination focused in the arrangement of items inside the semiotic space as controlled and managed by culture of the gatherings in question. In the film The Gods Must Be Crazy, a few occasions hint the nonverbal correspondence of the San clan culture. For example, when the more youthful child of Xi needs to confront the hyena taking steps to murder him, he goes after a pole and places it on his head to broaden his stature likely on the grounds that hyenas don’t eat grown-ups. Then again, the discarding of the Coca-Cola bottle by Xi could be deciphered as an indication of dissatisfaction or outrage. In addition, tossing food on the ground when eating would represent taking care of the predecessors who accommodated their day by day needs. Over the film, Xi is partial to setting his left hand on either the brow or the chest of the individual he is speaking with to represent harmony, gifts, or love for humankind (Uys, scene 16, 1980). Besides, the stamping of creature impressions would speak to the nonverbal correspondence of following animals.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Movie survey: The Gods Must Be Crazy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are a few unique highlights to the verbal and nonverbal codes utilized by the individuals from the San tribe in the film The Gods Must Be Crazy. There is progressive change on the film. The main contrast in culture lies on the degree and large number under which it is applied and effectively perceived by the network in their proactive redesign for pertinence and implications of the codes utilized. For example, the San culture has held onto reliance as families and receives stretched out affiliations instead of family unit ties. As these families become greater and greater, the larger part has at long last acknowledged each individual from their families as equivalents while allotting assets, openings, and jobs. This pattern has required the reception of intellectual plunge, which is a combination among conventional and otherworldly conviction direction that guarantees progression (Alder, Rolls and Proctor 2012). Fun damentally, the verbal and nonverbal codes inside this culture are constrained by an aggregate capably and basic comprehension of what is anticipated from every part who is doled out an interesting job. There are three sorts of implications that are worried about structure connections between the imparting parties that plainly turned out in the film The Gods Must Be Crazy: those of (1) demeanor, (2) social separation, and (3) contact. Contact is one of the most significant visual frameworks as it empowers the watcher to recognize pictures that delineate various items, for example, individual or creature. Contact perception is regularly accomplished by utilize the plot that presents the characters toward the start of the story (Alder, Rolls and Proctor 2012). Being a prevalently traditionalist society, the San clan in the film The Gods Must Be Crazy has unmistakable social scenes that are represented by explicit social guidelines. For example, in scene 12, when Xi at long last makes it to the precipice top encompassed by low lying mists, he consequently expect that he had made it to the world’s edge and discharges the container down the bluff (Uys, scene 19, 1980).Advertising Searching for paper on workmanship and plan? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More He at that point makes it back to his family and the entire faction invites him with a warm gathering. In this scene, it is evident that making an excursion to the edge of the world and returning a live is dubious to doing battle and returning alive. This represents the gifts and insurance from the divine beings and must be praised. What's more, the San group accepted that they are the main person on that world and Xi responds unusually and expect that the individuals he met outside the San family are really divine beings who appeared to be nearly colossal and had street vehicles. Not at all like this uniform social structure of relational correspondence showed by the San Clan, it is evident that the equivalent would not be conceivable, particularly in the Middle Eastern social structure of relational correspondence that capacities in class framework delineation however comprehensive of concealed inconsistencies related with standing framework, for example, separation of the minoriti es because of skin shading, sexual orientation, race, nationality, and religion since it is a state gained throughout everyday life and not controlled by birth. Being a captivating thought, the film centers around normal practices as a reflected impression of what a general public might want to envision from a string of interlacing thoughts. Normal practices include generic awareness, stepwise procedure, and supreme need presumptions planned for making a reasonable, well disposed, and adequate infuriating inclination (Alder, Rolls and Proctor 2012). The film appears to engender the centrality of culture in relational correspondence. In the first place, the story line is interesting. Then again, it has a fascinating battle premise taking the course of an interesting to wander down the way of activity and conviction scenes. Brilliantly, this makes a sentiment of creative throwing. Authentically, the film The Gods Must Be Crazy is extremely intriguing in adjusting convictions to cultur e and how the equivalent is deciphered in the relational correspondence through images and codes. This is a change of life, things that Xi and his two children go going to be a need for their endurance (Uys, scene 21, 1980). End Generally, the film The Gods Must Be Crazy has an intriguing plot other than its wealth in expanding relational correspondence as a part of culture. The chief has intertwined a narrative methodology and amusingness to introduce an ideal bit of craftsmanship that would be of extraordinary advantage to an individual keen on investigating intercultural correspondence and its variable at miniaturized scale and large scale levels of a geological setting. References Alder, R., Rolls, J., Proctor, R. (2012). Watching out/glancing in. Fortress Worth: Harcourt College Publishers. Uys, J. (Maker). (1980). The Gods Must Be Crazy [Motion picture]. South Africa. twentieth Century Fox.

Earths environment Essay

Natural specialty alludes to the position that a living being possesses in an environment. It involves the physical space where a creature is found and its job in that natural surroundings as far as the taking care of connections and different collaborations with different species. Environment specialty depicts the job or the commitment of a living being in a biological system. It likewise relate to the aggregate all things considered and affiliation an animal varieties has while acquiring and utilizing assets required to endure and replicate. The natural specialty fit into biological system, reward the serious prohibition rule to state. Two species can't relate in a biological system if the specialty is indistinguishable, anyway exist just in the event that at least one contrasts in specialty (Lester and Hal, 1994). Biodiversity and its significant Biodiversity alludes to the assortment of species, their organic make-up, and the common networks where they happen. It include all the local plants and creatures in Pennsylvania and the procedures, which support life. An environmental administrations offered by the biodiversity are imperative to regular day to day existence. Biodiversity upgrades environment profitability in which all the species have a huge task to carry out. It is this case which empowers the biological system to process the capacity to forestall and recoup from various catastrophes. This is vital for human since more noteworthy plant species infers assortment of harvests. Besides, most types of creatures guarantees that the biological system is normally continued (Hunter, 1996). What occurs if the requirement for biodiversity in an environment isn't met? At the point when biological systems disintegrate and biodiversity decline, the expense of supplanting its common administrations, for example, insurance of water assets, wellsprings of food and recreational the travel industry become costly. To forestall the hereditary imperfections brought about by in proliferation, an assortment of qualities are required by the species for effective endurance. The pace of annihilation will increment if this isn't set up. The demolitions, decrease and isolation of the living space, diminish probability for communication from species with a powerful genetic supply. Effect of the abuse of mineral and vitality assets on condition: Mineral and vitality assets have been seen as imperative fixings in invigorating and supporting financial development and improving the expectations for everyday comforts. Its misuses in any case, records to different natural effects, for example, loss of biodiversity and contamination. During mining process, poisonous gases might be discharged from the mines coming about to air contamination. At the point when it downpours, water washes these harmful into the stream or lakes causing water contamination. Additionally, broad territories of vegetation might be cleared to clear path for the misuse of mineral or vitality; this prompts loss of biodiversity. With the obliterations of the vegetation, the territories of different creatures are crushed. Natural effect of Meat creation Domesticated animals creation adds to more environmental change gasses on the planet. Altogether, it adds to about 18% of the ozone depleting substance emanations. It causes land and water debasement. This rate is because of land use changes or the outflow brought about by the vitality used to create manures and pesticides for feed crops, run the slaughterhouse and siphoning of water. When all is said in done, domesticated animals creation record to numerous natural issues influencing the world. This incorporates rainforest debasement, deserts spread, diminishing of new water, air and water contamination, corrosive downpour and surface run-off. Ecological effect of Aquaculture Although aquaculture is comprehended as a spotless industry, it makes unfriendly natural impacts biological system. In deed, tilapia or catfish may change harmful natural squanders into non-noxious fish meat. Be that as it may, salmon or shrimp cultivating has been uncovered to make negative impact the earth. For example, if fish waste, or anti-microbial are unconfined from the packed pens the supplements will expand, which subsequently result to fast development of phytoplankton and green growth. The devastations of green growth in the long run outcome to diminish levels of oxygen in water that imperiled fish and different life forms. In like manner, wild fish will experience poor water quality, pulverization of base natural surroundings and the infection flare-up. Another effect is the organic contamination brought about by the adjustment of the biological systems and the decrease of the biodiversity. For instance, a presentation of non-local species specifically biological system may result to food deficiency, local territory, or producing regions for local species. In serious cases, a huge blue tilapia has caused debasement of local fish species and vegetation. Manageability alludes to thinking regarding entire frameworks, with their relationships, outcomes, and the reaction circle. Along these lines of thinking forestalls fake and as often as possible tricky gathering like humankind against nature, and rather put more accentuation on reacting to issues sensibly through learning and advancement. This is accomplished by expelling counterfeit hindrances and improving organizations, which may prompts a low waste society (Lele and Norgaard, 1996). End Finally we have discovered that Sustainable condition improves the personal satisfaction while living inside the typical limit of a biological system. One ought to continue the degree of physical asset utilized and in addition have the option to change over those physical assets into an upgraded decent and administrations for fulfilling their need, without corrupting the supporting biological systems. Reference: Lester, B. and Hal, K. (1994). The full house: Re-assessing the number of inhabitants in the Earth’s Carrying Capacity, New York: Norton, 76-77. Tracker, M. L. (1996). A principal of preservation science. Blackwell science. Cambridge, Massachusetts, 482. Lele, S. and Norgaard, R. B. (1996). Supportability and scientist’s trouble. Preservation science (10) 165-354.

How to Buy a Research Outline

How to Buy a Research OutlineIf you want to know how to buy a research outline, you will want to know the pros and cons of doing so. There are some points that should be considered before deciding on which document to buy. You will need to weigh these points before you purchase one.If you are looking for an outline, it will likely be something that is not the same as you. Research is a completely different type of writing. It may be something that has been used many times in the past but does not translate well into the present. One example would be a research document that was written in the 1970s.A writer will not necessarily find it easy to move from this age to the present. They will also be aware that they will have to do a lot of rewriting to make the outlines into something that can be read today. This is why they need to make sure that they get a document that has been used by many other people before them.One thing that you should look for when buying research documents is a good customer base. This will tell you whether or not the company has any kind of past customers. A good customer base means that the company can be trusted. The customer base will also tell you if the document is old and could have errors or incorrect information.You should also consider how long the document has been around as well as the other different company. This is because you will have an idea about the type of document that you need. There are different templates that will help you make your decision on what you need.When you have decided what you want to buy, you should make sure that you compare all of your options and compare each document so that you can see if you like them all. This will help you choose the best document for you. You can take the time to write down your expectations so that you can compare the different documents side by side.Another important point to consider is the price of the document. You want to make sure that you get a price that you can aff ord to pay. It will be a shame if you do not get the document that you expected to buy when you bought it.One last important point to make is to make sure that you get a research outline from a professional. You will want to check with the professional to make sure that they have the experience that you need. This is especially important if you want a good study guide. You will not want to be making bad decisions.

Definition and Examples of a Dangling Modifier

A dangling modifier is a word or phrase (often a participle or participial phrase) that doesnt actually  modify  the word its intended to modify. In some cases, a dangling modifier refers to a word that doesnt even appear in the sentence. It is also called a dangling participle, hanging modifier, floater, floating modifier, or misrelated participle. Dangling modifiers are commonly (though not universally) regarded as grammatical errors. One way to correct a dangling modifier is to add a noun phrase that the modifier can logically describe. Another way to correct this grammatical error is to make the modifier part of a dependent clause. Fixing Dangling Modifiers Purdue OWL  says that to fix dangling modifiers, its helpful to first explore how a modifier should read in a grammatically correct sentence, giving this example: Having finished the assignment,  Jill  turned on the TV. This sentence is correctly composed because  Jill  is the subject, and the phrase having finished the assignment  describes Jill. By contrast, a sentence with a dangling modifier might read: Having finished the assignment,  the TV  was turned on. In this sentence, the phrase having finished the assignment is the dangling modifier. A TV  cannot  finish a homework assignment (at least not with the current state of technology), so the dangling modifier doesnt seem to modify anything in the sentence. You know from the previous sentence that the phrase is supposed to modify  Jill. Its Jill, after all, who finished the homework assignment. Purdue OWL offers another example of a dangling modifier: Having arrived late for practice,  a written excuse  was needed. Who arrived late? Purdue asks. Presumably, a  written excuse  cant arrive anywhere. To correct the dangling modifier, the writer needs to add something to the sentence, namely, the person who arrived late: Having arrived late for practice,  the team captain  needed a written excuse. In this correctly composed sentence, the reader knows that  the team captain  arrived late and needs a written excuse. Having thus added the noun—or person who did the action—the writer corrected the sentence and fixed the error of the dangling modifier. The Problem With Phrases Your Dictionary  notes that phrases—compared to a word or two—often confuse inexperienced writers when it comes to modifiers. For example: The  very happy  boy ran fast. Its easy to see that  happy  is an  adjective  that modifies  boy, while  very  is an  adverb  that modifies  happy.  A writer would be unlikely to unintentionally omit the subject of the sentence and write: The  very happy  ran fast. In this example, these words would constitute a  dangling modifier  because they dont modify anything in the sentence: The writer has removed the subject  boy. When it comes to phrases, however, its much easier to unintentionally create a dangling modifier, says Your Dictionary, as in: Hoping to garner favor, my parents were unimpressed with the gift. Note that the sentence does  have a subject,  my parents. The phrase  hoping to garner favor,  then, seems to modify the subject,  my parents.  But on closer inspection, note that the phrase is actually a dangling modifier.  The  parents  were not hoping to garner favor with themselves, so its left to the reader to wonder:  Who  is trying to garner favor? To fix the dangling modifier, add a subject that tells the reader  who  is hoping to impress the parents: Hoping to garner favor, my new boyfriend brought my parents a gift that failed to impress them. The phrase  hoping to garner favor  now describes  my boyfriend, so it is no longer a dangling modifier. To fully fix the sentence, the writer also added a verb,  brought, to describe what the boyfriend was doing and a  restrictive clause,  that failed to impress them, explaining how the gift went over with the parents. The Clue of  Passive Voice Sometimes—though not always—you can tell that a sentence contains a  dangling modifier  if it includes passive voice, as in this example from  Grammar Bytes:   Hungry, the leftover pizza was devoured. The single-word adjective,  hungry, is the dangling modifier in this sentence. A pizza, after all, cannot be  hungry  or  devour  itself. So  who  was hungry? The sentence needs a subject for the modifier to describe, such as these possibilities: Hungry,  we  devoured the leftover pizza.Hungry, the team devoured the leftover pizza.Hungry, I devoured the pizza. All of these sentences are correct and eliminate the dangling modifier. In the first, the modifier hungry describes we; in the second, it describes the team; and, in the third, it describes I. With any of the sentences, the reader clearly understands  who  is hungry. Dangling Participles As noted,  dangling modifiers  are also called  dangling participles. A  participle  is a  verbal  that typically ends in -ing  (the  present participle)  or -ed  (the  past participle). By itself, a  participle can function as an  adjective  (as in the  sleeping  baby or the  damaged  pump). You can sometimes tell that you have a  dangling modifier—or dangling participle—by looking to see if the sentence contains such an  -ing  verbal, says  Writing Explained, giving this example: Reading the regulations, the dog did not enter the park. The participial phrase  reading the regulations  is the dangling modifier because it does not actually modify anything in the sentence. A dog cannot read regulations, so the word or words that  reading the regulations  modifies have been omitted from the sentence, says the writing and grammar website.

Essay - 1168 Words

Development of ideas DeWitt and Osborne (2010) conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of science centre exhibits and examine how visitors engage with them, so recommendations for amendments and enhancements could be made to enhance visitor (experiences). No explicit research questions were provided, but the researchers mentioned that the questions examined focussed on students’ interactions with the exhibits, their cognitive response and their use of scientific concepts and knowledge when discussing the exhibits. The sample of the study consisted of 129 primary school students from five schools. As the study was exploratory in nature, a qualitative methodology was used to gather students’ experiences in-depth. The researchers†¦show more content†¦I had not considered interviewing my students in groups before reading this article. The authors contend that having other students present in the room may increase their comfort and facilitate group collaboration (DeWitt Osborne , 2010). Thus, as students may be more comfortable, this may elicit more detailed responses and the opportunity to collaborate may help students to come up with ideas †¦ Furthermore, this study has inspired me to use pictures and videos to assist students in the interview. With the parents’ and the children’s consent, I would record and photograph the children’s participation in ‘huff n’ puff’. These recordings may help the students to answer the interview questions by aiding recall and visualising the whole activity. For example, a student may not have considered a safety concern until they had viewed the recording. Taskin (2012) undertook an exploratory study to analyse the influence of the new constructivism-based curriculum on primary school students in Turkey. No research question was provided, but the researcher aimed to investigate how students define and view learning and the subsequent strategies teachers can use to assist learning. 55 students from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds in middle and upper primary schools in Turkey participated in the study. The researcher aimed to gather a deep insight into the students’ experiences and views of learning. Thus, as the study was exploratory, the researcherShow MoreRelatedWhat Is an Essay?1440 Words   |  6 PagesBuscemi Essay #3 Rough Draft An essay is a creative written piece in which the author uses different styles such as diction, tone, pathos, ethos or logos to communicate a message to the reader using either a personal experience, filled with morals and parables, or a informative text filled with educational terms. Educational terms could mean the usage of complicated and elevated words or simply information you would get in schools. 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Single Payer Health Care System - 1369 Words

Single-payer health care would also improve the ease with which people receive competent health care. A single-payer health care system with a streamlined means of receiving and paying for medical care would save valuable time and money as compared to our current health care system, which is bogged down in a morass of complex and varying insurance forms by indifferent insurance companies. The complexity could lead one to think the insurance companies would be more than happy to simply not make payments after their customers have received the required care. The administrative cost of dealing with so many varied insurance companies alone is exorbitant, â€Å"$82,975 per physician per year spent in the United States†(Morra et al. n. pag). Nearly†¦show more content†¦n. pag). At 20.6 hours per week, dealing with insurance payments and the like is basically a part time job unto itself. Such time would doubtless be better spent serving and healing the actual patients rather than attempting to pin down the intricacies of an insurance plan or cost of treatment. Not to mention the fact that under a national health care plan, there would be less of a need to individually work out payment plans or deductibles (much of which insurance companies seem to spend on marketing, anyway). An internist and professor at Harvard, Dr. Steffie Woolhandler stated that â€Å"it may take years for many Americans with high deductibles to understand just how toxic they are†(â€Å"Single† n. pag). Dr. Woolhandler is referring to the fact that often, individuals may pay exorbitant prices for a health insurance plan; but when it comes time to put it to use, it can be extremely difficult to coerce an insurance company to deliver on their promises. This wastes the time of both physician and patient, thus making medical care even more difficult to successfully obtain. A single-payer plan would allow for faster, easier, and more efficient medical care in the United St ates. Single-payer health care would improve the health of the average American because it would make proper and economical health care more available to every person. America needs to improve its medical availability in order to better provide for its Doner 7

The Influence of Islam upon Africa Research Proposal

Question: Describe about the research of Influence of Islam upon Africa? Answer: Introduction: After European invasion of the Africa there existed a considerable expansion in Muslim as well as Christian communities. Though the Christianity was actually perceived by few like a mechanism of colonialism as well as a part and parcel of the European civilizing task, attaining Islam was conversely viewed like the anti-colonial that reflected a type of resistance other than the collaboration. Also Islam has offered a proper sense of society during the colonial rule while the continent experienced a phase of speedy change as well as mobility (Beckingham and Trimingham, 1981). People also sought to thoroughly manage practice and acceptance of Islam within their colonies. At the same time all the officials who were half heartened labors slavery, inconsistent work cash cropping tasks and also arbitrary authority by badly trained as well as underfunded admin even brought dramatic plus very unexpected changes within the way in which communities reacted (Weiss, 1971). Discussion: Diversity meaning- Diversity refers to a reality and truth created by people from a wide spectrum of the demographic as well as philosophical dissimilarities. It is very important for supporting and protecting the diversity because through valuing people and groups that is free from the prejudice, and through fostering a proper climate where the equity as well as mutual respects also is intrinsic. For the reason that of it is conflicting to the representation of many individuals plus animals, nature of the Islam's communication along with the visual arts within Africa also was one where Islamic forms also were housed plus adapted (Calderini, 2008). The Muslim clerics' literacy in addition to the esoteric authority drew some scores of the converts towards Islam. Islam even reinforced African fondness intended for the geometric design as well as repetition of the patterns while decorating exterior of the textiles along with crafted goods. Regional weaving might have got malformed with the importation of the North African tools and techniques of weaving. Islam also has generally existed alongside with the representational customs like camouflaged. Such practices also have been often viewed as supplemental other than one which is oppositional to the Islam, specifically when these appear as effectual or functioning outer of central worries of the faith. An instance of such was documented by the researcher named Ibn Battuta, who was the Maghribi researcher and visited the Mali within the year 135253 as well as saw a proper pretense recital at the royal court of the Muslim ruler. In several fields of the Africa, co-existence of the Islam along with figurative art types continues till date (Eister and Trimingham, 1970). Fields of diversity- Islamic political as well as aesthetic influences upon the societies in Africa yet remain hard to assess. Within few capital cities, like Ghana plus GAO, attendance of the Muslim dealers has brought an outcome towards founding of the mosques and building of several mosques. Malian ruler named Mansa Musa also brought back like a pilgrimage towards the Mecca designer named al-Sahili, also who was generally credited along with the creation of the Sudano-Sahelian which was a building approach. Musa's brother also followed his path as well as supportes building up and brining in of all novels of mosques, over and above the development and growth of the proper Islamic knowledge. Islam also brought to the nation the art and skill of the writing as well as new tools and techniques for weighting (Gould, 2015). City of the Timbuktu, for example, flourished like a proper commercial as well as intellectual center, apparently undisturbed through several disturbances. Timbuktu also started like a Tuareg resolution and was very rapidly incorporated into the Mali Empire. Islamic perspective Islam actually attempts to teach everyone that proper diversity in reality is the fact of the environment plus that it makes whole nature very beautiful. Also it says that God has made the universe and has implanted variety into it for a reason to make it extra beautiful and more appearing. As per the Islamic perspective god demonstrates in Quran that see the Allah had sent rain from sky and along with this we fetch out and then make of many colors. Also in hills there are areas white, several shade of blue and even rend and many other powerful shades. Muslims normally have been measured as the Religious Exclusivists. They are the ones who would never recognize people of some other faiths praiseworthy of the respect for their entire religious obligation. It is also believed that though this viewpoint truly reflects attitude of several though never necessarily majority Muslims this is also not consistent along with correct understanding and know-how of teachings of the Islam (Levtzi on and Trimingham, 1969). Islam, on one hand also takes a solid position within claiming that all its teachings also are true descriptions of the reality from the God, on other hand this also identifies genuine respect intended for all the non-Muslims. Also though any person gets influenced by understanding of the Religious Pluralism might not be instantly impressed by such view, an improved understanding of several verses of the Quranupon this subject might also suggest about fact that not merely is it correct Islamic considerate, yet this position can also be supported reasonably (Watt and Trimingham, 1969). Islamic practice: Islam actually had previously extended into the northern parts of Africa in middle of 7th century A.D., merely some decades following the one named as Prophet Muhammad shifted along with all supporters from the Mecca to the Medina upon neighboring Arabian Peninsula. Although at time of the prophets, truth through God actually used to exist so evidently manifested that in reality there was zero possibility for any person to refute it, and thus those people who did any such things were measured worthy of getting punishment and suffering ills. Also no such assert could be even made for non-prophetic phases (O'Brien and Trimingham, 1980). Muslims also have thus got to do only one single role: preach as well as respect all others for what their faith was, because they could never be confident whether other people also have rejected otherwise stayed far away from accommodating message of the Islam in spite of knowing that it was directly from God (Turner, 2007). It is vital to be conscious of what the previous French Islamic strategy was within the colonial Africa for examining the relation amid Islam as well as rule of the French colonial in the West Africa. The assumptions made by the French colonialists who belonged to Islam plus Africans also had implications upon their response towards the Muslim leaders as well as their subjects. Through a proper working, shifting cooperation, Muslim leaders also were tolerated plus even supported, but were later carefully scrutinized. French policy within 1920s plus 1930s also turned on distinction amid the good plus the bad Tariqs, during such period the bad Tariq was Hamawaiyyah and obviously once Yacouba also was seen like a Hamallist priest administrators aim was to recognize whether him plus his followers who shared tendencies of such order (Stewart and Trimingham, 1983). Conclusion: Africa is almost divided into very great amount of the ethnic cultures. This continent's attitude and cultural regeneration also has been a vital as well as an integral part of the after independence building of nations on this continent, along with proper recognition of requirement to harness cultural resources of the continent Africa towards enriching the procedure of the education, demanding the creating of proper facilitating ecology in several ways. In current times, call intended for a greater stress on cultural dimension within all facets of growth and development that has become gradually more vocal. At the time of colonialism within Africa, Europeans also possessed their attitudes of the dominance and an intellect of the mission. French also were capable to recognize an African like French if the person supplied African culture as well as adopted the French ways. In a nutshell here is all the detail about influence of the Islam on Africa. References Beckingham, C. and Trimingham, J. (1981). The Influence of Islam upon Africa (Second Edition). The Geographical Journal, 147(2), p.227. Calderini, S. (2008). Islam and Diversity: Alternative Voices within Contemporary Islam. New Blackfriars, 89(1021), pp.324-336. Eister, A. and Trimingham, J. (1970). The Influence of Islam upon Africa. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 9(2), p.178. Gould, R. (2015). Islam Returns to Spain: Religious Diversity, Political Discourse and Women's Rights. Islam and ChristianMuslim Relations, pp.1-18. Levtzion, N. and Trimingham, J. (1969). The Influence of Islam upon Africa. African Historical Studies, 2(2), p.375. O'Brien, D. and Trimingham, J. (1980). The Influence of Islam upon Africa. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), 56(4), p.742. Stewart, C. and Trimingham, J. (1983). Influence of Islam upon Africa. The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 16(1), p.153. Turner, B. (2007). Managing religions: state responses to religious diversity. Cont Islam, 1(2), pp.123-137. Watt, W. and Trimingham, J. (1969). The Influence of Islam upon Africa. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), 45(3), p.546. Weiss, B. (1971). Book reviews : J. S. Trimingham, The Influence of Islam upon Africa, London, Longmans, Green, 1968, pp. 256 $ 8.00. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 6(2), pp.164-165.

Kemble Knight Essays - Sarah Kemble Knight, Knight, Kemble Family

Kemble Knight Sarah Kemble Knight. Journal. Group A: Our group found passages to support the idea that Knight was courageous. On the first day of their journey they encountered a thick swamp On the second day they crossed a river which greatly terrified knight. She goes on to say I now ralyed all the courage I was mistress of ... (now would seem like a good time for a woman from the city to call it quits!) On day three Knight can not cross the river because the water is too high at present so she stays at a little cottage. Knight says, this little Hutt was one of the wretchedest I ever saw a habitation for human creatures. Also on day three Knight says an Indian-like Animal come to the door. If knight is concerned about her safety she doesn't write about it. On December 21 they encounter a great storm of wind and snow. Winter probably wasn't a good time to take a road trip! Group B: By taking her journey, Sarah Kemble Knight proved her self-reliance and independence. Here are a few dates and instances that really stood out in our minds. Oct. 2nd- Knight bribes John to leave with her. Oct. 3rd- She begins to conquer her fear of drowning by crossing the water in a canoe. Oct. 4th- Knight survived the cruel treatment by Mr. Devills and his daughters. Dec. 21st- Knight makes it through illness without much distress. March 3rd- Knight shows her inner strength in that she could be away from her child for so long.

How to Write a Sociology Essay Ultimate Guide

How to Write a Sociology Essay Ultimate Guide Looking for advice on how to write a good sociology essay? Sociology is a science that systematically studies human society. Sociologists try to understand and explain the interaction of social groups and individuals. When writing sociology papers, you have to provide an effective sociological argument that balances structural constraints and individual agency. Actually, your task is to provide a strong sociological argument and make it as clear as possible in stating your thesis. Sociology essay writing can be a daunting task if you are a beginner in sociology and can’t boast of strong writing skills. But there is no need to feel frustrated about that. Writing skills can be learned if you work hard and practice a lot. Here is an easy guide to writing an impressive sociology essay where you can find all the essential information on all aspects of the writing and editing process. Keep reading to learn the secrets of writing on sociology topics. What Is a Sociology Essay? Sociology essay is a common assignment for students who take classes in sociology. This type of assignment is typically based on library research but it can also be based on empirical content. When writing a sociology essay, you have to provide an answer to a research question and argue convincingly for your answer to the assignment question that is called the assignment’s assertion. All assignments in sociology are argumentative and you have to convince your readers that your assertion is correct and to present the necessary information to support your argument in a specific order. That means that you have to structure your sociology essay in a specific way. All sociology essays typically consist of the introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. If the topic for your essay was given by your instructor, you have to follow the directions provided in your assignment. You may be asked to write different types of essays for your sociology class. You can be assigned to: summarize a certain text; compare and contrast two texts; explain or interpret a passage; apply a theory; critique or evaluate an argument or a theory. How to Tackle Different Types of Sociology Essays: Quick Tips from Our Experts When you need to summarize a sociology text, you actually have to provide a brief overview of the piece of writing. You need to determine the most important points of the argument in a certain text and present them in the best possible way. It’s essential to include in your summary concrete key points and examples. When analyzing a quote or interpreting a passage, you have to keep a balance between explaining the given text and linking it to the text of the entire work. Remember that there different ways of being right when interpreting a passage. You need to identify the central argument and determine how it fits into the overall argument. When writing a compare and contrast sociology essay, you have to explore differences and similar features in two texts. You need to explain the argument and the evidence of two different texts. You should show that you understand both texts and are able to determine their similarities and differences. You need to create a strong thesis statement that unites the discussion of the texts. You can discuss whether one argument is more convincing than the other. Besides, you can speak about the strong points and weaknesses of both texts. You can organize your essays around the main points of comparison or around the theories of the authors. When your assignment is to evaluate arguments or theories, you have to demonstrate your critical thinking skills and your ability to think independently. When completing this type of assignment, you can use different strategies, for example, determine the weaknesses and strengths of the argument, find some important points in the text, and anticipate the counter-argument. If your assignment is to apply a theory, you need to find analytical concepts in your readings and apply them to interpreting some phenomenon you have observed. You can be assigned to conduct some research or analyze a single magazine article, movie, book, event, website or TV show. For example, you may be asked to analyze a film Office Space using the theory of bureaucracy by Weber. How to Choose Powerful Sociology Essay Topics If your professor hasn’t assigned a specific topic for your sociology essay, you have to choose a good topic yourself. You should choose your topic as early as possible to ensure that you will have enough time for writing it. Besides, you should think critically when choosing your topic and keep in mind that the success of your sociology essay will depend on a good sociological question. When selecting a topic for your essay, you can use different approaches: You can choose a topic you are interested in; You can write about a phenomenon or a concept that is not familiar to you and challenge yourself; You can pick a broad topic and narrow it to focus on some small issue and dig deeply for new ideas. Lack interesting ideas for sociology essay topics? Feel free to use some form our short list. The Culture of Poverty What is the Impact of the Technological Progress on the People’s Health? Benefits of Real Friendship Moral Norms and Deviations What are the Long-term Effects of Child Abuse? How Do Divorces Affect Children? Superstitions in Japan Key Features of Mayan Culture Food Traditions in Rich and Poor Areas Anti-vaccination Movement History of Suffragettes Civil Rights Movement How Are Women and Men Treated Differently in Media? What Are the Messages Promoted by the Contemporary Music? Common Attitudes Toward GMOs What Caused the Rise of the Organic Farming? Importance of Food Education Social Networking in Modern Society Nationality and Pride Effects of Racial Stereotypes How to Make an Outline for Your Sociology Essay When writing your sociology essay, you should use complex, sophisticated, and creative ways to structure your key ideas. Creating an outline, you’ll be able to find out if your key points connect to each other or if there are gaps in your thinking. It will help you stay focused and organized and ensure that your sociology essay is coherent. Before you start creating an outline, you need to determine the purpose of your essay and your audience and formulate your thesis statement/research question. You can use 2 approaches when creating an outline for your sociology essay: the sentence outline that is made of full sentences; the topic outline that is made of short phrases. When making a basic outline, you should follow certain steps: Determine the research problem; Determine the key categories; Make the first category; Determine subcategories. Keep in mind that there are no rules that determine which approach is the best so you can use either the sentence outline or the topic outline. Of course, you should be consistent and stick to a certain approach. You can also arrange the key points of your outline in the chronological order. Work on the Essay Structure You should outline a detailed structure of what you plan to include in your sociology essay. You’d better start with the main sections and experiment with different sequences filling every section with the necessary information. You can outline your argument in an abbreviated form to get an idea of if it is logical and identify possible gaps in it. You can add necessary information where it is suitable. When you start writing your sociology essay, this structure can serve as headings for different sections of your essay. Make sure your headings are brief and clearly state the key ideas of every section. If you do it this way, you will be able to work on your essay writing any section in the middle of your essay without having finished the previous ones. That will make the writing process easier. Write a Draft Start writing your sociology essay early so you will have enough time for completing it on time. The writing process is time-consuming and requires hard work. Keep in mind that no one can write a strong essay from the beginning to the end without revising, rewriting, adding, deleting or moving different parts of the content. Start with an Introduction In this part, you have to present your research question/thesis statement and demonstrate that it will be interesting to find the answer. You have to explain the significance of your topic and outline the key points of your argument to help your readers follow your logic. You can also provide a hint on your assertion, saying something like †I will argue that†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . During the writing process, you should stay focused on your assertion, even if you change it as the work progresses. Here is a recipe for an introduction to your sociology essay: the research question/thesis statement; the key reasons why the topic is important; major points; an assertion and answer to your research question. Provide the Background Information To help your readers follow your essay and ensure that they will be able to assess your argument, you need to provide them with some basic information that introduces your topic, describes the key problems, and briefly explains theories, concepts, and empirical findings. You should include here any relevant information for your research question and your assertion. You can also give an account of the previous research on your topic and explain why it is important for your research question. For example, if your assignment is to make an investigation about the reasons of unemployment of people with criminal records, you have to provide information from the previous research that proves that former prison inmates face difficulties when searching for jobs. Discuss Your Research Question In this part, you have to offer the line of argumentation. There is no need to be dogmatic. You can just state that there isn’t an unambiguous answer to your research question. For instance, you can provide an argument for the assertion that we can’t fully determine the reasons why women earn less than men. If you are assessing two theories that explain a social phenomenon, you should discuss the strengths and weaknesses of every theory, addressing different elements of the social phenomenon. You should make clear points that support your argument in different ways. To make your sociology essay orderly and easy-to-read, you should devote every new paragraph to a new point. You should start each paragraph with a topic sentence and then provide supporting arguments and relevant evidence. Take into account all possible relevant objections and treat them seriously. Be creative to anticipate how your future readers may critically assess your argument. You need to provide clear answers and prove that those objections are irrelevant. Write a Conclusion In this part of your sociology essay, you should emphasize your findings and state once more why they are significant. You can restate your assertion more confidently because you have already shown your audience why it’s the most correct and the most reasonable answer to your research question. You can also give some recommendations and provide suggestions for further research. This part shouldn’t include any new information – you should make it as brief as possible. Revise Your Sociology Essay Be ready to write more than one draft of your essay. First drafts are full of confusions, errors, omissions, and bad writing. If you want to make your essay perfect, you will need to revise it and rewrite it in whole or in part several times. When revising your essay, you will be able to expand your argument, improve your analysis, and make links between your arguments. You can add some information, make changes in the content, move your parts or delete them, rework sentences and paragraphs. A good idea is to ask someone to read your sociology essay to point out mistakes and suggest improvements. You can ask your family member or a roommate to do that. When your final draft is ready, you need to proofread it and eliminate minor grammar, spelling, and punctuation mistakes and typos. You should aim for the economy of the language and the precision. Proofreading your sociology essay will be easier if you read it aloud. Remember that a revision takes time so don’t put it off till the last day before your deadline.

Level 3 Research Statistics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Level 3 Research Statistics - Assignment Example Online journal articles Websites of the regulatory bodies Medical websites Reliability and Validity of information Printed information Oral information Electronic information Based on facts Data collection procedure explained Analysis made open to verification Concurs with other independently published material. Cross verify by asking multiple individuals Verify against previously ascertained data Based on facts Data collection procedure explained Analysis made open to verification Concurs with other independently published material. 5. Introduction: The effects of alcohol on various cognitive processes are well documented. There is evidence that even at low BAC’s there can be significant impairing of key psycho-motor functions that are implicated in driving, including vision, perception, tracking, attention and information processing. The effects of alcohol are also affected by habit, gender, age, weight and emotional state. Burns and Moskowitz (1977) have found that chronic drinkers show less impairment on the surface as compared to occasional drinkers. The same alcohol consumption leads to differing BAC levels depending on the weight of the drinker. Women are more likely to show impairment as compared to men with the same amount of alcohol consumption (Howat et. al.; 1991). ... Vision is significantly impaired by alcohol consumption, in that there is a tendency to focus centrally, with less use of peripheral vision; such that the ability to us peripheral vision is impaired (Buikhuisen and Jongman, 1972). Apparently, alcohol consumption causes a narrowing of the field of vision. Other data has shown that this impairment, though significant, is not enough to account for crashes. Other evidence suggests that the problem is more explainable by the impairment of perception. Alcohol reduces the individuals’ ability to process perceptually complex information. This may explain why simple driving conditions are not particularly impaired, as compared to complex conditions brought about by multiple stimuli present on city streets (Adams and Brown, 1975). Tracking – in driving conditions the steering of the vehicle – is a very complex activity under the best of circumstances. Even minor impairment seems to have significant effects of steering beha viour as it requires activation of multiple faculties (Drew et al., 1959). The mind stores information under different classifications, creating a complex mental structure. When requires, activation of the relevant parts of this structure allow us to use the necessary information. Alcohol inhibits this ability of the brain to access information; and also makes the interpretation of presented information more difficult (Attwood, 1978). It has been found that response times lengthen under the effect of alcohol, an effect seen more prominently as the number of stimuli keeps increasing (Boyd et al., 1962). Attention is among the first of the psycho-motor abilities to be affected by alcohol, making the task of gathering information more

Reaction Paper #1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reaction Paper #1 - Essay Example In the end an air hostess walks in and offers the boy an ice-cream which quells the competition after they decide they should have some to. This advertisement is a very good one as it manages to get it point across in a humorous and light hearted way. The message of the advert is based on the excellent experience one is able to gain from their services and they manage to depict it splendidly. They do this by depicting two famous personalities in two different sports who may argue but agree on one thing and that is the service of Qatar airlines. Their differences are seen by their struggle over the boy’s attention and their agreement is depicted when they both agree to get some ice scream. The use of the two stars is also a good strategy as it ensures that it catches the attention of their target audience which can be said to be fans of the two sports (that is, basketball and soccer). Using well known personalities is a good way of gaining the viewers attention in a short period of time (Arens 184). The various antics that the stars pull such as making balloon animals, give it an unexpected twist which can be used to keep the viewers interested. All in all, the advert keeps the viewers attention from the start to the finish and allows them to understand the point of the clip without putting much thought into it which is what a good advertisement is all about (Arens

The social consequences as a result of EU expansion Essay Example for Free

The social consequences as a result of EU expansion Essay The accession of ten nations of Eastern Europe will increase the existing social crisis in these nations and also the entire EU. The Eastern Europe population has already suffered a lot as a result of increase in unemployment levels, poverty decreased wages, the destruction of various social provisions in the region in an attempt of fulfilling the membership requirements of EU. There has been introduction of conditions of a free market, the enterprises which were formerly being controlled by the governments have been privatized and also taking up measures which are quite radical by various states in order to join the EU has left the economies and social conditions of their countries very much devastated (MCCORMICK, 2007). The wage levels in the countries that are seeking to be admitted to the EU community are currently lower by 5 to 8 times as compared to the wage levels in the EU. The per capita average of the gross domestic product in EU countries is currently about twenty four thousand two hundred and fifty euros which is quite high when compared to that of states that are seeking to join the EU community such as Hungary and Latvia that only have a gross domestic product of seven thousand and eighty euros and three thousand seven hundred and forty respectively. The main cause of poverty in most states seeking admission into the EU community is unemployment; it has increased drastically in these countries over the last one and a half decades. A good example is that of the republic of Czech where it has increased from about zero point seven percent in 1990 to about six point five in the year 1998 and it is currently about eleven percent. On average, this percentage is twice as much in EU (Fischer, 2000). Although, the figures given above do not give a true reflection of the comparison, since there exists a lot of regional disparity. But the quest for countries to become members of the EU community and thus trying as much as they can to fulfill the conditions set is an obvious factor that has made these countries to experience some of these devastating problems like increased levels of unemployment and deterioration in the social amenities. In Bratislava which is the Slovakian capital, which is about sixty kilometers away from Vienna, the levels of unemployment are about four percent. This increases to approximately sixty percent in the rural regions which are about two hundred kilometers to the east. A comparable range of unemployment can be observed in the state of Hungary. Although, the unemployment levels are very minimal in the Budapest City, in the rural areas it increases to more than forty percent (MCCORMICK, 2007). The enterprises of the Western Europe consider the regions in the east of Europe as a paradise for their investments. This has made the states in the Eastern Europe to reduce their taxes in an attempt to make of making these regions attractive to the Western Europe investors. Czech Republic has reduced the rate of business taxes by about seven to twenty four percent. Poland has followed the steps of Slovakia and has introduced a tax rate which is uniform of nineteen percent which is applied uniformly whether one is just as ordinary employee or is a millionaire (MCCORMICK, 2007). The tax incentives together with massive differentials in the average wages has made several corporations to rapidly shift their production plants to the Eastern Europe states. This will in future make the states in these regions such as Slovakia to become the major car producers in the world when computed per person of the Slovakian population. Information and Technology as well as service industries are also being moved to these regions this will in future mean the creation of massive jobs in these regions as well as development of infrastructure (Roney, Budd, 1998). However, despite the major benefits that is likely to arise as a result of the tax incentives in these regions, the tax experts are warning the governments of these states that these measures are likely to be insufficient to enable these governments adequately cater for all their needs. They will also never be fully compensated for the shortfalls they will experience from the decreased revenues arising due to the reforms. These tax measures will leave several big holes in their budgets and as a result they will not be able to provide their citizens with all the necessary social amenities (MCCORMICK, 2007). In part, this state of affairs has been achieved already in the countries that wish to become members of the EU community. As far as the economists are concerned the foreign trade and budget deficits are the real potential crisis to the economies of these accession states. A good example is the one Estonia where the deficit in its budget rose to about fifteen percent in 2003. This is higher by about five times when compared to the deficit in the Argentinean budget in 2001 which was responsible of provoking a massive financial crisis. In 2004 Hungary, there was massive pressure on the forint as a result of the increasing deficit in the country’s budget. At that time the deficit in the foreign trade was about fifty eight percent while in Latvia it approximated sixty four percent of the total gross domestic products (Hofmann, Turk, 2006). Contrary, the accession countries will not improve the state of affairs even after they become members to the EU community. All the relevant economic indicators show that the disparity in wages between the west and the east will continue to persist for more than a decade after their accession. Again the reforms being undertaken by the states in the east of Europe will continue even after their accession. For example, the government of the Republic of Czech revealed that more reduction in pensions provision and health sector were necessary. Considering the prevailing welfare condition in the country, such a move can only be equated to privatization (MCCORMICK, 2007). Most likely, the Western Europe conditions will be modified with the conditions of states that are seeking accession. Even more attacks which are very comprehensive on the social standards and wages will be required to continue being competitive. According to an economic research study that was conducted by the University of Munich, indicated that the cut in wages that has been proposed in East Germany should be implemented. This is because after the accession of the Eastern Europe states, the regional financial support that was coming from the Brussels will decrease and this will lead to increased unemployment which will be a major threat to the economy of these countries (MCCORMICK, 2007).

Macbeth: Destiny of Each Character is Pre-determined :: Macbeth essays

Macbeth: Destiny of Each Character is Pre-determined In the play Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, each characters destiny seems to be predetermined. This raises the ultimate question: who, or what, controls fate? Existentialism is the belief that each person defines their future by their decided actions: that the future has not yet been written. Fatalism is the belief that the outcome of all events is preordained, and therefore, unalterable. Throughout Macbeth, the character Macbeth makes many decisions which clearly affect his future, but are they truly decisions? Or, are his decisions examples of fatalism, where another force is guiding his actions to their predetermined conclusion? Many of the characters, events, and much of the imagery in Macbeth indicates that fate plays a prominant role in advancing the plot. The characters most easily identified with having supernatural powers are, obviously, the three witches. The Witches' ability to see into the future is demonstrated when Macbeth becomes thane of Cawdor. The line, "What? Can the devil speak true?" showes Banquo's surprise at the realization of the prophecy. But, would the Witches' prophecy of Macbeth's royal promotion have come true had they not made Macbeth aware of the possibility? There was no reason to warn Macbeth of the fate in store for him, since it is most likely impossible for a person to alter their destiny. It is quite possible that the witches have no real power at all, beyond that of suggestion. They may have only planted the idea within Macbeth, feeding off his already present ambition. Perhaps the only true controlling power comes from Lady Macbeth's uncontrollable greed. Once Lady Macbeth had learned of the witches' prophecy, she immediately concluded that Macbeth would not, with his present persona, be able to attain that which fate had bestowed upon him. "...Hie thee hither, That I may pour my spirits in thine ear And chastise with valor of my tongue All that impedes thee from the golden round Which fate and metaphysical aid doth seem To have thee crowned withal." Lady Macbeth believed that it was her duty to induce Macbeth to carry out the necessary deed (Duncan's murder) to fulfil the prophecy. However, if Lady Macbeth had not influenced him, it is doubtful that Macbeth would have taken any action towards his Royal future. This substantiates the idea that the strength of the witches' words lies in the power of suggestion. Although Lady Macbeth stated her belief in Fate, she felt compelled to help it along. During the banquet, Macbeth realized that the path of his life was coming to a "fork in the road", and

Hbs Case “Marriott Corporation: the Cost of Capital”

Marriott Corporation: Questions for HBS case â€Å"Marriott Corporation: The cost of capital† 1)Are the four components of Marriott's financial strategy consistent with its growth objective? In my opinion, the four components of Marriott's financial strategy are consistent with its growth objective. As we find in the case, the four components of Marriott's financial strategy: Manage rather than own hotel assets, Invest in projects that increase shareholder value, Optimize the use of debt in the capital structure, and Repurchase undervalued shares; are aligned with the growth objective.Marriott wants to remain a premier growth company. This means aggressively developing appropriate opportunities within our chosen lines of business—lodging, contract services, and related businesses. In each of these areas, their goal is to be the preferred employer, the preferred provider, and the most profitable company. 2)How does Marriott use its estimate of its cost of capital? Does t his make sense? In the case is stated that Marriott required three inputs to determine the opportunity cost of capital: debt capacity, debt cost, and equity cost consistent with the amount of debt.The cost of capital varied across the three divisions because all three of the cost-of-capital inputs could differ for each division. This is the most logical approach due to the fact that the projects related to a particular division should be evaluated using the division’s WACC rather than the corporation’s WACC. 3)What is the Weighted Average Cost of Capital for Marriott Corporation? In order to calculate the WACC for Marriott’s Corporation I’m going to use the following formulas: 1. Weighted Average Cost of Capital: 2. Levered Beta: Marriott’s structure: D= 60% E=40% Marriott’s corporate tax:Tc= 175. 9 / 398. 9 Tc=0. 441 Marriott’s Pre-tax cost of debt: Debt rate premium above government= 1. 30% U. S. Government Securities Interest Rates : Maturity 30 years = 8. 95% Kd = 0. 0895 + 0. 013 Kd= 0. 1025 Marriott’s after tax cost of equity: Leverag. TcAsset BetaEq. Beta MARRIOTT 41%0. 4410. 7991. 11 MARRIOTT 60%0. 4410. 7991. 47 Ke = rf + Beta * (MRP) Rf=8. 95%(U. S. Government Securities Interest Rate) MRP=7. 43%(Exhibit 5) Ke = 8. 95% + 1. 47 * ( 7. 43%) Ke=0. 20 WACC = (1 – 0. 44) * 0. 1025 * 60% + 0. 2 * 40% WACC=0. 1139 The Weighted Average Cost of Capital for Marriott Corporation is 11. 9% a)What risk free rate and risk premium did you use to calculate the cost of equity? Risk free rate †¢30 years Maturity U. S. Government Interest Rate (8. 95%) Risk Premium †¢Spread between S 500 Composite returns and long-term U. S. government bond returns between 1926-87 (7. 43%) b)How did you measure Marriott's cost of debt? I calculated Marriott's cost of debt adding Marriott’s debt rate premium above government (1. 30%) to the 30 years Maturity U. S. Government Interest Rates (8. 95%). 4)What ty pe of investments would you value using Marriott's WACC?I will use Marriott’s WACC to evaluate projects that do not refer to a single division. This can be projects that add are related to the whole company and affect each division. In example, a project related with branding that will increase Marriott overall reputation and value 5)If Marriott used a single corporate hurdle rate for evaluating investment opportunities in each of its lines of business, what would happen to the company overtime? Using a single corporate hurdle rate for evaluating investment opportunities in each of its lines of business will lead to accept bad projects and reject profitable projects.In the case that the IRR of the return was slightly above Marriott WACC you would accept the division’s project although you might be operating bellow the division’s WACC and loosing money. 6)What is the cost of capital for the lodging and restaurant divisions of Marriott? In order to calculate the c ost of capital for the lodging and restaurant divisions I will use the same formulas than in question 3. Hotels ReturnEq. BetaLeverageRevenuesAsset Beta HILTON HOTELS CORPORATION13. 30. 7614%0. 770. 697 HOLIDAY CORPORATION28. 81. 3579%1. 660. 435 LA QUINTA MOTOR INNS-6. 40. 8969%0. 170. 397 RAMADA INNS, INC. 11. 71. 3665%0. 50. 667 Average0. 549 Restaurants ReturnEq. BetaLeverageRevenuesAsset Beta CHURCH’S FRIED CHICKEN-3. 21. 454%0. 391. 417 COLLINS FOODS INTERNATIONAL20. 31. 4510%0. 571. 365 FRISCH’S RESTAURANTS56. 90. 576%0. 140. 550 LUBY’S CAFETERIAS (Operates cafeterias. ) 15. 10. 761%0. 230. 756 McDONALD’S22. 50. 9423%4. 890. 805 WENDY’S INTERNA TIONAL4. 61. 3221%1. 051. 149 Average1. 007 LodgingRestaurant D/V50. 0%75. 0% E/V50. 0%25. 0% Tc44%44% Kd10. 05%8. 70% Rf8. 95%6. 90% Rprem1. 10%1. 80% Ke15. 31%29. 74% Eq. Beta0. 8562. 696 Asset Beta0. 5491. 007 Rf8. 95%6. 90% EMRP7. 43%8. 47% Sales % from total41. 00%13. 00% WACC10. 6%11. 08% a)What risk-free rate and risk premium did you use in calculating the cost of equity for each division? Why did you choose these numbers? Risk free rate Lodging division †¢30 years Maturity U. S. Government Interest Rate (8. 95%) †¢Is a long-term investment Risk Premium Lodging division †¢Spread between S&P 500 Composite returns and long-term U. S. government bond returns between 1926-87 (7. 43%) †¢Is a long term investment Risk free rate Restaurants’ division †¢1 year Maturity U. S. Government Interest Rate (6. 90%) †¢Is a short-term investment, and the next available option is a 10 years rate which is too long.Risk Premium Restaurants’ division †¢Spread between S&P 500 Composite returns and short-term U. S. Treasury bill returns: between 1926-87 (8. 47%) †¢Is a short-term investment, and I used a 1 year Maturity U. S. Government Interest Rate as the risk free rate. b)How did you measure the cost of debt for each division? Should the debt cost differ across divisions? Why? I calculated each division’s cost of debt adding the division’s debt rate premium above government to the U. S. Government Interest Rates that best represented the divisions behave. Risk free rate Lodging division 30 years Maturity U. S. Government Interest Rate (8. 95%) Risk free rate Restaurants’ division †¢1 year Maturity U. S. Government Interest Rate (6. 90%) The debt cost should differ across divisions because each one operate as independent business with different behavior. c)How did you measure the beta of each division? In order to measure the beta of each division, I got the average Asset Beta of the companies that where more similar to the division, and I leverage it with the capital structure of the particular division. 7)What is the cost of capital for Marriott's contract services division?How can you estimate its equity cost of capital without publicly traded comparable companies? In order to calculate t he cost of capital for the contract service division I will use most of the formulas I stated on question number three. Additionally, as we do not have data of similar companies that we can use to extract the contract service division’s Asset Beta, I will calculate the WACC for the contract service division using the following formula: Marriott’s Asset Beta = (Lodging Asset Beta * division’s % of total sales) + (Restaurants Asset Beta * division’s % of total sales) + (Contract services Asset Beta * division’s % of total sales)Cleaning the equation in function of the Contract services Asset Beta, you find the Contract services Asset Beta. MarriottLodgingRestaurantContract Services D/V60. 0%50. 0%75. 0%60. 0% E/V40. 0%50. 0%25. 0%40. 0% Tc44%44%44%44% Kd10. 25%10. 05%8. 70%8. 30% Rf8. 95%8. 95%6. 90%6. 90% Rprem1. 30%1. 10%1. 80%1. 40% Ke19. 87%15. 31%29. 74%21. 91% Eq. Beta1. 4700. 8562. 6961. 772 Asset Beta0. 7990. 5491. 0070. 964 Rf8. 95%8. 95%6. 90%6. 90% EMRP7. 43%7. 43%8. 47%8. 47% TA %100. 00%41. 00%13. 00%46. 00% WACC11. 39%10. 46%11. 08%11. 55% The contract service’s WACC is 11. 55%

German for Beginners Learning Tips

Here are some study tips and practical advice to help make your learning of German more effective: Use Your First Language to Learn the Second German and English are both Germanic languages with a lot of Latin and Greek thrown in. There are many cognates, words that are similar in both languages. Examples include: der Garten (garden), das Haus (house), schwimmen (swim), singen (sing), braun (brown), and ist (is). But also watch out for false friends — words that appear to be something theyre not. The German word bald (soon) has nothing to do with hair! Avoid Language Interference Learning a second language is similar in some ways to learning your first, but there is one big difference. When learning a second language (German), you have interference from the first (English or whatever). Your brain wants to fall back on the English way of doing things, so you have to fight that tendency. Learn Nouns With Their Genders German, like most languages other than English, is a language of gender. As you learn each new German noun, learn its gender at the same time. Not knowing whether a word is der (masc.), die (fem.) or das (neut.) can confuse listeners and makes you sound ignorant and illiterate in German. That can be avoided by learning das Haus rather than just Haus for house/building, for example. Stop Translating Translation should only be a temporary crutch! Stop thinking in English and trying to do things the â€Å"English† way! As your vocabulary grows, get away from translating and start thinking in German and German phrases. Remember: German-speakers dont have to translate when they speak. Neither should you! Learning a New Language Is Learning to Think in a New Way Das Erlernen einer neuen Sprache ist das Erlernen einer neuen Denkweise. - Hyde Flippo Get a Good German-English Dictionary You need an adequate (minimum 40,000 entries) dictionary and you need to learn how to use it! A dictionary can be dangerous in the wrong hands. Try not to think too literally and dont just accept the first translation you see. Just as in English, most words can mean more than one thing. Consider the word â€Å"fix† in English as one good example: â€Å"fix a sandwich† is a different meaning than â€Å"fix the car† or â€Å"hes in a fine fix.† Learning a New Language Takes Time Learning German — or any other language — requires a long period of sustained exposure to German. You didnt learn your first language in a few months, so dont think a second one will come any faster. Even a baby does a lot of listening before talking. Dont get discouraged if the going seems slow. And use all the resources at your disposal for reading, listening, writing, and speaking. The United States is the only country where people believe you can learn a foreign language in two school years. - Hyde Flippo Passive Skills Come First A period of listening and reading is important before you can expect to use the active skills of speaking and writing. Again, your first language was the same way. Babies dont start talking until theyve done a lot of listening. Be Consistent and Study/Practice on a Regular Basis Unfortunately, language is NOT like riding a bicycle. Its more like learning to play a musical instrument. You DO forget how to do it if you get away from it too long! Language Is More Complex Than We Realize Thats one reason  computers are such lousy translators. Dont worry about all the details all the time, but be aware that language is much more than just stringing a bunch of words together. There are subtle things we do with  language  that even linguists have difficulty explaining. Thats why I say, Learning a new language is learning to think in a new way. Sprachgefà ¼hl You have to develop a feeling for the language to master German or any language. The more you get into German, the more this hard-to-describe  Sprachgefà ¼hl  should develop. Its the opposite of a rote, mechanical, programmed approach. It means getting into the languages sound and feel. There Is No Right Way German has its own way of defining words (vocabulary), saying words (pronunciation), and putting words together (grammar). Learn to be flexible, to mimic the language, and to accept  Deutsch  the way it is. German may do things differently from your point of view, but it isnt a matter of right or wrong, good or bad. Learning a new language is learning to think in a new way! You dont really know a language until you can think (and dream) in that language. Dangerous! - Gefà ¤hrlich! Some things to avoid: Avoid the most common beginners mistakes.  Dont be overly ambitious. Set realistic goals and take things one step at a time. Our lessons are designed that way.Dont try to pretend you are a native speaker of German (Muttersprachler) when you arent. That means avoiding jokes, swearing and other linguistic minefields that can make you sound and look foolish.One more time: Stop translating! It gets in the way of real communication and should be left to skilled professionals.Also one more time: A dictionary is dangerous! Verify meanings by also looking up the word or expression in the opposite language direction. Recommended Reading How To Learn a Foreign Language  by Graham Fuller (Storm King Press)German Grammar Book: Deutsch  macht  Spaß by Brigitte Dubiel Special Resources Online Lessons:  Our free  German for Beginners  course is available online 24 hours a day. You can start with Lesson 1 or select any one of the 20 lessons for review.Special Characters:  See  Can Your PC Speak German?  and  Das Alphabet  for information about typing and using uniquely German characters such as à ¤ or ß.Daily German 1:  German Word of the Day for beginners​Daily German 2:  Das Wort des Tages for intermediate, advanced learners